Estimating HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zhejiang Province with Estimation and Projection Package-Spectrum model / 预防医学

Objective To evaluate the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zhejiang Province through Estimation and Projection Package (EPP)-Spectrum model and to provide scientific evidence for the control practice of AIDS. Methods Consecutive behavior surveillance data, HIV prevalence, the number of HIV/AIDS patients under highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) and social-demographic data from population census in Zhejiang Province were collected and input into the optimized EPP-Spectrum model. HIV epidemic curves of different sub-population were generated for comprehensive estimation of HIV/AIDS prevalence, people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), the number of new HIV infection and the death toll in Zhejiang Province. Results It was estimated that by the end of 2016, the HIV infection rate in the whole population was 0.05% (95%CI: 0.04%-0.06%) . There were a total of 27 542 (95%CI: 24 564-31 187) PLWHA in Zhejiang Province, with 47.55% of which by homosexual transmission, 24.43% by commercial heterosexual transmission and 25.29% by non-commercial heterosexual (including spouses) transmission. There were 1 714 (95%CI: 1 340-2 194) new infections in 2016 and this number fluctuated slightly from 2014 to 2016. Most of the new HIV/AIDS were infected by sexual transmission, with homosexual transmission accounted for 46.94%; the proportion of non-commercial sex transmission (including spouses) increased year by year. A total of 642 (95%CI: 476-896) PLWHA died in 2016, and the number of death increased slowly and remained stable each year. A total of The proportion of PLWHA being diagnosed and under HAART increased during 2012-2016. It was estimated that 57.70% of PLWHA had been controlled. Conclusion The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Zhejiang Province from 1995 to 2016 increased steadily and was at low prevalence. The main transmission routes were homosexual behaviors, commercialand non-commercial heterosexual behaviors.

A study on the association of baseline CD4+T and early antiretroviral therapy effect among MSM HIV/AIDS patients / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the association between baseline level of CD4+T and the therapeutic effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for MSM HIV/AIDS in Hangzhou City. Methods We recruited MSM HIV/AIDS who initiated HAART from July 1st 2014 to June 30th 2016 into the study in Hangzhou City. MSM HAART patients whose baseline CD4+T≥500 copies/μL was set as observation group, and baseline CD4+T<500 copies/μL was set as control group. Patients were tested CD4 count and viral load regularly. We compared HAART effects of observation group and control group. Results We recruited 1206 MSM patients with access to HAART in our study in Hangzhou City. And 1026 patients were set in control group, and 180 patients were set in observation group. In the 12th month, the rates of two groups' patients with CD4 successfully recovered (reached 719 cells/μL) were 12.50% and 39.13%. In the 18th month, the rates were 13.75% and 38.71%. The median time of patients with CD4 first successfully recovered to 719 cells/μL was 7.2 month s in observation group, while the median time of control group was 20.4 months, which was longer than observation group (P<0.05) . A total of 375 patients were tested viral load, and the successful suppression rate of viral load was 97.33%. The rates of observation and control group were 96.34% and 97.50% (P>0.05) . Conclusion The rates of viral successful suppression were similar between baseline CD4 counts ≥500 cells/μL group and<500 cells/μL group among MSM HAART patients. Recovery time in baseline CD4 counts ≥500 cells/μL group was shorter than baseline CD4 counts<500 cells/μL group.

Effects of geniposide on SNP-induced apoptosis of chondrocyte and cell cycle / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effects of Geniposide on SNP(sodium nitroprusside)-induced apoptosis of chondrocyte in vitro and cell cycle.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The chondrocyte of three-week-old SD rats were separated and cultivated. The second generation of chondrocyte cells were involved in experiment. Chondrocyte proliferation was measured by assay; flow cytometer were adopted to observe cell cycle and apoptosis rate; NO examination adopted nitrate reductase method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Geniposide could significantly decrease the percentage of SNP-induced chondrocytes in G0/G1 phase and increased percentage in S phase and G2/M phase. The apoptosis of chondrocyte and the concentration of NO in the culture supernatants was reduced significantly (r=0.917, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Geniposide could impact SNP-induced apoptosis of chondrocyte by reducing the concentration of NO in the culture supernatants, promoting proliferation of chondrocytes, which is a probable and important mechanism of Geniposide preventing osteoarthritis.</p>

Adjunctive therapy of hypopharyngeal carcinoma by Qingliu Lianghou Recipe / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the adjunctive roles of Qingliu Lianghou Recipe (QLR) in treatment of hypopharyngeal carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 156 patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma were recruited, including 21 cases of stage I, 34 in stage II, 55 in stage III, and 46 in stage IV. Of them, 31 patients (Group A) were managed with operation and post-operative radiotherapy, 40 patients (Group B) with operation, post-operative radiotherapy, and QLR, 45 patients (Group C) were managed with concomitant chemoradiotherapy, 40 patients (Group D)with concomitant chemoradiation and QLR. QLR was given for 12 weeks. The radio- and chemotoxic reactions, quality of life (KPS score), and long-term efficacy (the recurrence time and the survival time) were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The toxicity levels were significantly lower in Group B than in Group A, manifested as radioactive dermatitis, mucositis, dysphagia, changes in body weight, and lymphatic edema (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The toxicity levels were significantly lower in Group D than in Group C, manifested as radioactive dermatitis, mucositis, dysphagia, marrow depression, changes in body weight, and gastrointestinal reactions (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). After treatment the KPS scores of all patients obviously decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). But the KPS scores were significantly higher in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05), and they were significantly higher in Group D than in Group C (P < 0.05). The 3-year recurrence rate of patients in Group A was 41.94%, 20.00% in Group B, 60.00% in Group C, and 37.50% in Group D (P < 0.05). The 5-year survival rate of patients in Group A was 38.71%, 62.50% in Group B, 22.22% in Group C, and 42.50% in Group D (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>QLR could effectively prevent and reduce the toxicity response caused by operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The combination therapy of integrative medicine could postpone the recurrence and prolong the lifespan of patients. Therefore, we must not neglect the adjunctive therapy of QLR in treating hypopharyngeal carcinoma.</p>

Importance of ticks and their chemical and immunological control in livestock / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

The medical and economic importance of ticks has long been recognized due to their ability to transmit diseases to humans and animals. Ticks cause great economic losses to livestock, and adversely affect livestock hosts in several ways. Loss of blood is a direct effect of ticks acting as potential vector for haemo-protozoa and helminth parasites. Blood sucking by large numbers of ticks causes reduction in live weight and anemia among domestic animals, while their bites also reduce the quality of hides. However, major losses caused by ticks are due to their ability to transmit protozoan, rickettsial and viral diseases of livestock, which are of great economic importance world-wide. There are quite a few methods for controlling ticks, but every method has certain shortcomings. The present review is focused on ticks importance and their control.